The Iceberg Approach of Learning Fractions in Junior High School: Teachers’ Simulations of Prior to Lesson Study Activities

Mathematics and language included  in the principle of ethnomanthematics because it is impossible if ethnomathematics is not in the context of language. Ethnomathematics is scattered part and can’t be seen by ordinary people. And ordinary people will not be able to see where is hermeneutics of life because it is very large. Because of that learning mathematics using silahturahmi.

Spiral is a very powerful form of abstraction. Circular in spiral has meaning that we still can do it again. For example, we can still meet tomorrow morning again the same as today. And straight it means that we can not repeat it. Like, this date will never happen  in our lifetime again. Spiral itself is a circle drawn out by a straight line. That is human like spiral. There are three elements of the spiral,the fixed spiral, expands spiral and spiral that tapers to a point. The experts suggested that the spiral as the earth around the sun. Therefore, the earth will never be at the same point at a time. This indicates that people are very lost if you do not want to learn from God's creation. Man that fool is a man who is not innovative. Hermeneutics has been learned since the days of Greece. Hermeneutics is the Greek god who brought news of the Lord.

Life is translating and translated. All sorts of spirits came from an inability to translate and translated separately, ie communication. Language itself is a living about translating and translated. So the best way to learn is to translate and translated mathematics.

President  Obama in his inauguration speech “O my brother is still a lot of stars that you find waiting for you to give it a name”. Here the speech asks us to keep trying and to able to reach our dream and always positive thinking about what we want.

Positive thingking is the beginning of knowledge. In our spiritual, we called it sincerity.

The Iceberg Approach of Learning Fractions in Junior High School

The Iceberg approach as a starting point of learning sequences give real experiences to students such that they involve immediately in a personal mathematical activities. In order to utilize students’ mathematical knowledge, this approach should be employed through potential learning sequence.

Pure mathematics only understand the formal notation. Whereas in school mathematics in concrete mathematics, concrete mathematical models, mathematical models of formal and formal mathematics. If people think like pure mathematicians, this will cause a tsunami. Personality students will experience a tsunami (crushed, messy). For students who are taught mathematics as pure mathematics is hell. So our job as teachers is how to make math cool, friendly and fun for elementary student.

Life is between thinks and believe. Here we also faced with the phenomenon. Phenomenon itself is divided into two, unready that cause disaster adnd ready that cause amusing. Like ethnomathematics, if students are not ready for the acceptance, it will be a disaster.

Problem of Math teaching in Indonesia

Ethnomatematics is the science of anti-traditional learning. This is the obstacle in studying ethnomatematics in Indonesia because Indonesia is still centered on all educators and students must trust what is being taught by their teachers. While ethnomatematics requires students to be innovative. Ethnomatematics is a variety of learning resources that are contingent, raise awareness, so if we want innovative teaching, schools should be based on a school of math not formal of math. Since the formal math it shall be taught at the university not in school.

Fenomenal ethnomathematics is contextual. Increasingly, the process through idealization and abtraction. Ethnomathematics is outside the thingking area of student because it still concrete. If applied in the hermeneutics of life, the role of ethnomathematics is to strengthen the horizontal of mathematics.

Conclusion

1.      The teacher need to have clear pictures of the nature of school mathematics, realistic mathematics and contructive.

2.      The teacher need to organize presentation.

3.      The teacher need to know konkrit material.

4.      The teacher need to develop method.

5.      The teacher need to develop various teacher method.